Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana chizvarwa meshini yemapfupi-wave infrared lasers, kune matatu marudzi epfupi-wave infrared lasers, anoti semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers uye solid-state lasers.Pakati pavo, solid-state lasers inogona kukamurwa kuita yakasimba-nyika lasers yakavakirwa pane optical nonlinear wavelength shanduko uye yakasimba-nyika lasers inogadzira yakananga mapfupi-wave infrared lasers kubva kune laser kushanda zvinhu.
Semiconductor lasers anoshandisa semiconductor zvinhu senge laser yekushanda zvinhu, uye inobuda laser wavelength inotarwa nebhendi gap reiyo semiconductor zvinhu.Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yezvishandiso, mabhendi esimba ezve semiconductor zvinhu anogona kugadziridzwa kune yakafara siyana ye laser wavelengths kuburikidza nesimba bhendi engineering.Naizvozvo, akawanda mapfupi-wave infrared laser wavelengths anogona kuwanikwa aine semiconductor lasers.
iye akajairika laser anoshanda zvinhu zvepfupi-wave infrared semiconductor laser ndeye phosphor zvinhu.Semuenzaniso, indium phosphide semiconductor laser ine aperture size ye95 μm ine inobuda laser wavelengths ye1.55 μm uye 1.625 μm, uye simba rasvika 1.5 W.
Fiber laser inoshandisa isingawanzo-yepasi-doped girazi faibha seyepakati laser uye semiconductor laser sepombi sosi.Iyo ine hunhu hwakanakisa senge yakaderera chikumbaridzo, yakanyanya kutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka, yakanaka kubuda danda mhando, yakapusa chimiro, uye yakakwirira kuvimbika.Iyo inogona zvakare kutora mukana weiyo yakafara spectrum yeasingawanzo pasi ion mwaranzi kuumba tunable fiber laser nekuwedzera yakasarudzika zvinhu zvemaziso senge gratings mune laser resonator.Fiber lasers yave nhungamiro yakakosha mukuvandudza tekinoroji yelaser.
1.Solid-state laser
Iyo yakasimba-nyika laser kuwana midhiya inogona kuburitsa zvakananga mapfupi-wave infrared lasers anonyanya Er: YAG makristasi uye ceramics, uye Er-doped girazi.Iyo yakasimba-state laser yakavakirwa paEr: YAG crystal uye ceramics inogona kuburitsa zvakananga 1.645μm pfupi-wave infrared laser, inova nzvimbo inopisa mukutsvagisa kwepfupi-wave infrared laser mumakore achangopfuura [3-5].Parizvino, iyo pulse energy yeEr: YAG lasers inoshandisa electro-optic kana acousto-optic Q-switching yasvika mashoma kusvika kumakumi emakumi emJ, pulse hupamhi hwemakumi e ns, uye yekudzokorora frequency yemakumi kusvika kuzviuru zveHz.Kana iyo 1.532 μm semiconductor laser ikashandiswa sepombi sosi, Ichava nemabhenefiti makuru mumunda welaser inoshingaira reconnaissance uye laser countermeasures, kunyanya yayo yekubira maitiro pane yakajairwa laser yambiro zvishandiso.
Er girazi laser ine compact chimiro, yakaderera mutengo, huremu huremu, uye inogona kuona Q-inochinja mashandiro.Ndiyo yakasarudzika mwenje sosi yeanoshanda yekuona yepfupi-wave infrared laser.Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvina zveEr glass materials: Kutanga, iyo yepakati yavelength yeabsorption spectrum ndeye 940 nm kana 976 nm, iyo inoita kuti kupomba kwemwenje kuve kwakaoma kuwana;Chechipiri, kugadzirira Er girazi zvinhu zvakaoma uye hazvisi nyore kuita hukuru hukuru;Chechitatu, Er girazi Nyaya ine urombo hwekupisa zvimiro, uye hazvisi nyore kuwana kudzokorora frequency kushanda kwenguva yakareba, rega kuenderera mberi nekushanda;chechina, hapana akakodzera Q-kuchinja zvinhu.Kunyangwe tsvagiridzo yeshort-wave infrared laser yakavakirwa pagirazi reEr yagara ichikwezva vanhu, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvina zviri pamusoro, hapana chigadzirwa chakabuda.Kusvika 1990, nekubuda kwema semiconductor laser bars ane wavelengths e940 nm uye 980 nm, uye kubuda kwezvinhu zvakazara zvekunyudza zvakaita seCo2+:MgAl2O4 (cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), iwo maviri mabhodhoro makuru epombi source uye Q-switching. dzakatyoka.Tsvagiridzo yegirazi lasers yakagadzira nekukurumidza.Kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura, miniature yenyika yangu Er girazi laser module, iyo inobatanidza semiconductor pombi sosi, Er girazi uye resonant mhango, inorema isingasviki 10 g, uye ine diki batch kugadzirwa kugona kwe50 kW peak simba modules.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwekupisa kweEr girazi zvinhu, iyo yekudzokorora frequency yeiyo laser module ichiri yakaderera.Iyo laser frequency ye50 kW module inongova 5 Hz, uye iyo yakanyanya laser frequency ye20 kW module ndeye 10 Hz, inogona kushandiswa chete mune yakaderera frequency application.
Iyo 1.064 μm laser yakabuda neNd: YAG pulsed laser ine simba repamusoro rinosvika megawatts.Kana mwenje wakasimba wakabatana wakadaro uchipfuura nepakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, mafotoni ayo anopararira zvisingaite pamamorekuru echinhu, ndiko kuti, mafotoni anotorwa uye anogadzirwa ane Low-frequency photons.Kune mhando mbiri dzezvinhu zvinogona kuita iyi frequency conversion effect: imwe isiri-linear crystals, yakadai seKTP, LiNbO3, nezvimwewo;imwe yacho igasi rinodzvanya rakaita seH2.Zviise muoptical resonant cavity kuti iite optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
OPO yakavakirwa pamhepo yekudzvanya gasi kazhinji inoreva kumutswa kweRaman kuparadzira mwenje parametric oscillator.Chiedza chepombi chinotorwa zvishoma uye chinogadzira low-frequency light wave.Iyo yakura Raman laser inoshandisa 1.064 μm laser kupomba yakakwira-kudzvanywa gasi H2 kuwana 1.54 μm pfupi-wave infrared laser.
MUFANANIDZO 1
Iyo yakajairwa kushandiswa kweshortwave infrared GV system ndeyekureba kufungidzira husiku.Iyo laser illuminator inofanirwa kunge iri pfupi-pulse short-wave infrared laser ine yakakwirira peak simba, uye iyo yekudzokorora frequency inofanirwa kuenderana nefuremu frequency yeiyo strobed kamera.Zvinoenderana nechimiro chazvino cheshort-wave infrared lasers kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, diode-pumped Er: YAG lasers uye OPO-based 1.57 μm solid-state lasers isarudzo dzakanakisa.Iyo yekudzokorora frequency uye simba repamusoro reiyo miniature Er girazi laser ichiri kuda kuvandudzwa.3.Kushandiswa kwepfupi-wave infrared laser mune photoelectric anti-reconnaissance
Izvo zvakakosha zveshort-wave infrared laser anti-reconnaissance ndeyekuvhenekesa muvengi optoelectronic reconnaissance midziyo inoshanda mupfupi-wave infrared bhendi ine mapfupi-wave infrared laser matanda, kuitira kuti iwane ruzivo rwakashata rwechinangwa kana kusakwanisa kushanda zvakajairwa, kana kunyange. detector yaparara.Kune maviri akajairwa mapfupi-wave infrared laser anti-reconnaissance nzira, dzinoti kureba kwekunyengera kukanganiswa kune yeziso-yakachengeteka laser rangefinder uye kudzvinyirira kukuvadza kune pfupi-wave infrared kamera.
1.1 Distance hunyengeri kukanganisa kune yeziso reziso rekuchengetedza laser rangefinder
Iyo pulsed laser rangefinder inoshandura chinhambwe chiri pakati pechinopfurwa uye chinonangwa nenguva yekufamba kwelaser pulse ichidzokera nekudzoka pakati penzvimbo yekutangisa uye chinangwa.Kana iyo rangefinder detector ikagamuchira mamwe laser pulses isati yaratidzwa echo chiratidzo chechinangwa chasvika padanho rekutanga, inomisa nguva, uye chinhambwe chakashandurwa hachisi chinhambwe chaicho chechinangwa, asi idiki pane chinhambwe chaicho chechinangwa.Chinhambwe chenhema, chinozadzisa chinangwa chekunyengedza chinhambwe cheiyo rangefinder.Kune maziso-akachengeteka laser rangefinders, mapfupi-wave infrared pulse lasers ehumwe wavelength inogona kushandiswa kushandisa kureba kwekukanganisa.
Iyo laser inoshandisa kureba kwehunyengeri kupindira kweiyo rangefinder inoteedzera kupararira kuratidzwa kwechinangwa kune laser, saka iyo laser peak simba yakadzikira, asi maviri anotevera mamiriro anofanira kusangana:
1) Iyo laser wavelength inofanirwa kunge yakafanana neyekushanda wavelength yeiyo yakakanganiswa rangefinder.Sefa yekukanganisa inoiswa pamberi peiyo rangefinder detector, uye bandwidth yakamanikana kwazvo.MaLaser ane wavelengths kunze kweiyo wavelength yekushanda haigone kusvika kune photosensitive pamusoro peiyo detector.Kunyangwe iyo 1.54 μm uye 1.57 μm lasers ane yakafanana wavelengths haigone kupindirana.
2) Iyo laser yekudzokorora frequency inofanira kunge yakakwira zvakakwana.Iyo rangefinder detector inopindura kune laser siginecha inosvika yayo photosensitive pamusoro chete kana huwandu hwayerwa.Kuti uwane kupindira kunoshanda, iyo yekukanganisa pulse inofanirwa kudzvanya mukati me rangefinder wave gedhi 2 kusvika ku3 pulses.Iyo gedhi renji rinogona kuwanikwa parizvino riri pahurongwa hwe μs, saka iyo inopindira laser inofanirwa kuve neyakakwira yekudzokorora frequency.Kutora chinhambwe chinotarirwa chemakiromita matatu semuenzaniso, nguva inodiwa kuti laser idzoke nekudzoka kamwe chete i20 μs.Kana kanenge 2 pulses yapindwa, iyo laser repetition frequency inofanira kusvika 50 kHz.Kana iyo yakaderera huwandu hwelaser rangefinder iri 300 m, iyo yekudzokorora frequency yejammer haigone kudzika kupfuura 500 kHz.Chete semiconductor lasers uye fiber lasers inogona kuwana yakakwira kudzokorora mwero.
1.2 Kudzvinyirira kupindira uye kukuvadza kune pfupi-wave infrared kamera
Sechinhu chakakosha cheiyo pfupi-wave infrared imaging system, iyo pfupi-wave infrared kamera ine shoma ine simba remhinduro yemagetsi ekuona kweInGaAs focal plane detector.Kana chiitiko che optical simba chichipfuura muganhu wepamusoro weiyo dynamic range, saturation ichaitika, uye detector haigoni kuita kufungidzira kwakajairika.Simba repamusoro Laser ichaita kukuvadza zvachose kune detector.
Inoenderera uye yakaderera peak simba semiconductor lasers uye fiber lasers ine yakakwira kudzokorora frequency yakakodzera kuenderera kudzvanyirira kukanganiswa kwepfupi-wave infrared kamera.Ramba uchivhenekera iyo pfupi-wave infrared kamera ine laser.Nekuda kwehukuru-hukuru hwekumisikidza mhedzisiro yeoptical lens, nzvimbo yakasvikwa nelaser yakapararira nzvimbo paInGaAs focal ndege yakazadzwa zvakanyanya, uye saka haigone kufananidzwa zvakajairika.Chete mushure mekunge laser irradiation yamira kwenguva yakati rebei, kuita kwekufungidzira kunogona kudzoka zvishoma nezvishoma kune zvakajairika.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yemakore mazhinji ekutsvagisa uye kugadzirwa kwelaser inoshanda countermeasure zvigadzirwa mumabhendi anooneka uye ari pedyo-infrared uye akawanda kukuvara kwemunda bvunzo dzekushanda, mapfupi-pulse lasers ane peak simba re megawatts uye pamusoro anogona kukonzera kukuvara kusinga gadziriswe kuTV. makamera ari chinhambwe chemakiromita kure.kukuvara.Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yekukuvadza inogona kuwanikwa, iyo yepamusoro simba relaser ndiyo kiyi.Chero bedzi simba repamusoro rakakwirira kudarika detector kukuvara kwechikumbaridzo, imwe pulse inogona kukuvadza detector.Kubva pamaonero ekuomerwa kwekugadzira laser, kupisa kupisa uye kushandisa simba, iyo yekudzokorora frequency yelaser haifanirwe kusvika pachiyero chekhamera kana kunyange yakakwira, uye 10 Hz kusvika 20 Hz inogona kusangana nehondo chaiyo yekushandisa.Nomuzvarirwo, shortwave infrared makamera hazvisi izvo.
InGaAs yakatarisana nendege madetector anosanganisira ma electron bombardment CCDs akavakirwa paInGaAs/InP maerekitironi ekufambisa mafotocathodes uye CMOS yakazogadzirwa.Kuzadza kwavo uye zvikumbaridzo zvekukuvara zviri muhurongwa hwakafanana hweSi-based CCD/CMOS, asi InGaAs/InP-based detectors haisati yawanikwa.Saturation uye kukanganisa chikumbaridzo data yeCCD/COMS.
Zvinoenderana nemamiriro azvino eshortwave infrared lasers kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, iyo 1.57 μm inodzokororwa frequency solid-state laser yakavakirwa paOPO ichiri sarudzo yakanakisa yekukuvara kwelaser kuCCD/COMS.Yayo yakakwirira mumhepo yekupinda kuita uye yakakwirira peak simba pfupi pulse laser Iyo yechiedza nzvimbo yekuvhara uye imwechete pulse inoshanda maitiro ari pachena kune yakapfava kuuraya simba rekure-kure optoelectronic system yakashongedzerwa nepfupi-wave infrared kamera.
2 .Mhedziso
Short-wave infrared lasers ane wavelengths pakati pe1.1 μm uye 1.7 μm ane yakakwirira yemhepo transmittance uye kugona kwakasimba kupinda mumhute, mvura, chando, utsi, jecha neguruva.Izvo hazvionekwe kune echinyakare yakaderera-chiedza cheusiku michina yekuona.Laser iri mu1.4 μm kusvika 1.6 μm bhendi yakachengeteka kuziso remunhu, uye ine zvinhu zvinosiyanisa senge detector yakura ine peak mhinduro wavelength mune iyi renji, uye yave yakakosha danho rekusimudzira kune laser mauto maapplication.
Iri bepa rinoongorora hunyanzvi hwekuita uye chimiro quo yeana akajairika mapfupi-wave infrared lasers, anosanganisira phosphor semiconductor lasers, Er-doped fiber lasers, Er-doped solid-state lasers, uye OPO-based solid-state lasers, uye inopfupikisa kushandiswa. yeaya mapfupi-wave infrared lasers mune photoelectric inoshanda reconnaissance.Yakajairika maapplication mune anti-reconnaissance.
1) Inoenderera uye yakaderera peak simba yakakwira yekudzokorora frequency phosphor semiconductor lasers uye Er-doped fiber lasers inonyanya kushandiswa kuvhenekesa yekubatsira kureba kwekucherekedza kwekutarisa uye kutarisa husiku uye kudzvanyirira kupindira kune vavengi mapfupi-wave infrared kamera.Yakakwira-inodzokorodza pfupi-pulse phosphor semiconductor lasers uye Er-doped fiber lasers zvakare akanakira mwenje masosi e-multi-pulse system kuchengetedzwa kwemaziso kubva, laser scanning imaging radar uye eye chengetedzo laser rangefinder kure nekukanganisa kukanganiswa.
2) OPO-based solid-state lasers ine yakaderera kudzokorora mwero asi ine peak simba remegawati kana kunyange gumi megawatts inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya mu flash imaging radar, kureba kureba laser gating kutarisa husiku, pfupi-wave infrared laser kukuvara uye zvechinyakare muoti kure meso evanhu Kuchengetedzwa laser kubva.
3) Iyo miniature Er girazi laser ndiyo imwe yeinokurumidza kukurumidza nzira yepfupi-wave infrared lasers mumakore achangopfuura.Ikozvino simba uye kudzokorora frequency mazinga anogona kushandiswa mune miniature yeziso kuchengetedza laser rangefinders.Nokufamba kwenguva, kana simba repamusoro rasvika padanho re megawatt, rinogona kushandiswa kuvheneka kufungidzira radar, laser gating observation, uye laser kukuvara kumapfupi-wave infrared kamera.
4) Iyo diode-yakapombwa Er: YAG laser inovanza iyo laser yambiro mudziyo ndiyo yakajairwa nzira yekusimudzira yeakakwira-simba mapfupi-wave infrared lasers.Iyo ine yakakura yekushandisa inogona mu flash lidar, kureba-kure laser gating yekutarisa husiku, uye laser kukuvara.
Mumakore achangopfuura, sezvo masisitimu ezvombo aine zvakakwirira uye zvepamusoro zvinodikanwa zvekubatanidzwa kweoptoelectronic masisitimu, iyo diki uye isingaremi laser michina yave maitiro asingadzivisike mukuvandudza kwemidziyo yelaser.Semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers uye miniature lasers ine diki saizi, huremu huremu uye yakaderera simba mashandisirwo Er girazi lasers yave nzira huru yekuvandudza kwepfupi-wave infrared lasers.Kunyanya, mafiber lasers ane yakanaka beam mhando ane hukuru hwekushandisa muhusiku-nguva yekubatsira mwenje, yakavanzika yekutarisa uye chinangwa, scanning imaging lidar, uye laser kudzvinyirira kupindira.Nekudaro, simba/simba reaya marudzi matatu eaya madiki uye asina kuremerwa lasers anowanzo kuderera, uye anogona chete kushandiswa kune mamwe mapfupi-renji ekubvunzurudza zvikumbiro, uye haakwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekureba-reconaissance uye counter reconnaissance.Naizvozvo, chinangwa chekusimudzira ndechekuwedzera iyo laser simba / simba.
OPO-yakavakirwa yakasimba-nyika lasers ine yakanaka danda mhando uye yakakwirira yepamusoro simba, uye zvakanakira zvavo mukureba-gated yekutarisa, flash imaging radar uye laser kukuvara kuchiri pachena, uye iyo laser inobuda simba uye laser repetition frequency inofanira kuwedzera kuwedzera. .Kune diode-pumped Er: YAG lasers, kana simba rekupuruzira richiwedzerwa uku hupamhi hwepurusi huchiwedzera kudzvanywa, inove yakanakisa imwe nzira kune OPO solid-state lasers.Iyo ine zvakanakira mukureba-kure gated yekutarisa, flash imaging radar, uye laser kukuvara.Mukuru wekushandisa.
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Nguva Yekuvandudza: Kurume-02-2022
